"Ingamba zubutegetsi bwo gucuruza ibyuka byangiza imyuka (Ikigeragezo)" bizatangira gukurikizwa 1st.Gashyantare, 2021. Sisitemu yo gucuruza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu Bushinwa (Isoko ry’igihugu cya Carbone) izashyirwa mu bikorwa.Inganda za sima zitanga hafi 7% byangiza imyuka ya gaze karuboni.Muri 2020, Ubushinwa bwa sima ni toni miliyari 2.38, bingana na 50% by’umusaruro wa sima ku isi.Gukora no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya sima na clinker byashyizwe kumwanya wambere kwisi mumyaka myinshi.Inganda za sima mu Bushinwa n’inganda zikomeye zangiza imyuka ya gaze karuboni, zikaba zirenga 13% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.Munsi yinyuma ya karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone, inganda za sima zihura nibibazo bikomeye;icyarimwe, inganda za sima zakoze imirimo nko gusimbuza lisansi mbisi, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya karubone, no kwihana inganda kugirango bikomeze kunoza ireme ryibidukikije.Aya ni andi mahirwe yo guteza imbere ubuziranenge kandi burambye bwinganda.
Ibibazo bikomeye
Inganda za sima ninganda zizunguruka.Inganda za sima ninzira yiterambere ryubukungu bwigihugu.Imikoreshereze ya sima nibisohoka bifitanye isano rya hafi nubukungu bwigihugu niterambere ryimibereho, cyane cyane kubaka ibikorwa remezo, imishinga minini, ishoramari ryimitungo itimukanwa, hamwe nisoko ryumujyi nicyaro.Sima ifite ubuzima bwigihe gito.Ahanini, abatanga sima itanga umusaruro kandi bakagurisha ukurikije isoko.Isoko rikeneye sima rirahari.Iyo ubukungu bwifashe neza kandi isoko rikomeye, ikoreshwa rya sima riziyongera.Nyuma yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo ahanini birangiye kandi imishinga minini igashyirwa mubikorwa, mugihe ubukungu bwigihugu cyigihugu cyu Bushinwa hamwe na societe bigeze ku kigero gikuze, icyifuzo cya sima kizinjira mugihe cyibibaya, kandi umusaruro wa sima uhuye nawo uzinjira mugihe cyibibaya.Uruganda rwemeje ko inganda za sima zishobora kugera ku mpinga ya karubone mu 2030 ntabwo zihuye gusa n’umunyamabanga mukuru Xi yatanze icyifuzo cyo kugera ku mpinga ya karubone mu 2030 ndetse no kutabogama kwa karubone mu 2060, ariko kandi n’umuvuduko wo guhindura imiterere y’inganda n’isoko rya sima. .
Amahirwe
Kugeza ubu, gukoresha ingufu hamwe na karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone kuri buri gice cya GDP byagabanutseho 13.5% na 18%, ibyo bikaba byashyizwe mu ntego nyamukuru z’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu gihe cya "Gahunda y’imyaka 14".Kugeza ubu, Inama ya Leta n’inzego zibishinzwe nazo zasohoye inyandiko za politiki zijyanye n’icyatsi kibisi na karuboni nkeya, imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigira ingaruka nziza ku nganda za sima.
Hamwe niterambere ryimyuka ya karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone, inganda za sima zizahuza byimazeyo iterambere nubwubatsi bukenewe mubihe bitandukanye, ihindure umusaruro wa sima nibitangwa hakurikijwe isoko, kandi bigabanye buhoro buhoro ubushobozi buke bwo gukora bushingiye kumasoko.Ibi bizihutisha kurandura ubushobozi bwumusaruro ushaje muruganda rwa sima, kurushaho kunoza imiterere yubushobozi.Ibigo na byo bihatirwa guhindura no kuzamura, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bishya mu rwego rwo kuzamura urwego rwo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kunoza itangwa ry’umutungo, no guteza imbere ubuziranenge no gukora neza.Gutangiza politiki ijyanye nimpinga ya karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone bizafasha kandi guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati yinganda, kwibumbira hamwe no kuvugurura ibintu, nibindi .. Mugihe kizaza, ibyiza byamatsinda manini bizagaragara cyane.Bazakomeza gushimangira udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kongera umuvuduko wo gusimbuza ibikoresho fatizo n’ibicanwa, kugira uruhare runini mu micungire y’umutungo wa karubone, kandi bitondere cyane uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, amasoko ya karubone, umutungo wa karubone n’andi makuru, bityo nko kongera amarushanwa ku isoko.
Ingamba zo kugabanya karubone
Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete yose yo mu gihugu ya sima yakoresheje tekinoloji nshya yumusaruro wumye, iri ku rwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere muri rusange.Dukurikije isesengura ry’ibihe byifashe mu nganda, inganda za sima zifite umwanya muto wo kugabanya karubone binyuze mu kuzigama ingufu zisanzwe hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya hekimoni (kubera gukoresha cyane n’ubushobozi buke).Mugihe gikomeye cyimyaka itanu iri imbere, ikigereranyo cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuri buri sima kizagera kuri 5%, bisaba imbaraga nyinshi.Kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kutabogama kwa karubone na CSI kugirango ugabanye 40% ya karubone kuri buri sima, tekinoroji ihungabanya irakenewe inganda za sima.
Hano haribitabo byinshi nibisubirwamo muruganda bigabanya kugabanya karubone hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rizigama ingufu.Hashingiwe ku iterambere ry’inganda za sima n’inganda zifatika n’imiterere y’igihugu, impuguke zimwe zaganiriye kandi zivuga muri make ingamba zingenzi zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya inganda za sima:gukoresha siyansi kandi neza gukoresha sima muguhindura imiterere yibicuruzwa bya sima;gushimangira igishushanyo mbonera cyo hejuru, no gutunganya inshingano zabakora n’abaguzi "uburyo bwo kubara ibyuka byangiza imyuka nuburyo butandukanye bwo kugabana imyenda.
Ubu ni mugihe cyo guhindura politiki.Hamwe niterambere ryimikorere ya carbone hamwe no kutabogama kwa karubone, inzego zibishinzwe zagiye zishyiraho gahunda yo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe na politiki yinganda, gahunda hamwe ningamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.Inganda za sima zizatangiza iterambere rihamye, kugirango ritware umubare munini wibikoresho bizigama ingufu n’ibidukikije ndetse n’inganda zishingiye kuri serivisi.
Inkomoko:Amakuru yo kubaka Ubushinwa Amakuru;Ikirere cya Polaris;Yi Carbone Murugo
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-06-2022